Text of the 10 point plan (as amended)
KEY LEGISLATIVE ELEMENTS OF THE PACKAGE
1. Validation of Acts/grants between 1/1/94 and 23/12/96
Legislative action will be taken to ensure that the validity of any acts or grants made in relation to non-vacant crown land in the period between passage of the Native Title Act and the Wik decision is put beyond doubt.
2. Confirmation of extinguishment of native title on 'exclusive' tenures
States and Territories would be able to confirm that 'exclusive' tenures such as freehold, residential, commercial and public works in existence on or before 1 January 1994 extinguish native title. Agricultural leases would also be covered to the extent that it can reasonably be said that by reason of the grant or the nature of the permitted use of the land, exclusive possession must have been intended. Any current or former pastoral lease conferring exclusive possession would also be included.
3. Provision of government services
Impediments to the provision of government services in relation to land on which native title may exist would be removed.
4. Native title and pastoral leases
As provided in the Wik decision, native title rights over current or former pastoral leases and any agricultural leases not covered under point 2 (above), would be permanently extinguished to the extent that those rights are inconsistent with those of the pastoralist.
All activities pursuant to, or incidental to, 'primary production'
would be allowed on pastoral leases including farm stay tourism, even if native title exists, provided the dominant purpose of the use of the land is primary production. However, future government action such as the upgrading of title to perpetual or 'exclusive' leases or freehold, would necessitate the acquisition of any native title rights proven to exist and the application of the regime described in point 7 (below) (except where this is unnecessary because the pastoralist has an existing legally enforceable right to upgrade).
5. Statutory access rights
Where registered claimants can demonstrate that they currently have physical access to pastoral lease land, their continued access will be legislatively confirmed until the native title claim is determined. This would not affect existing access rights established by state or territory legislation.
6. Future mining activity
For mining on vacant crown land there would be a higher registration test for claimants seeking the right to negotiate, no negotiations on exploration, and only one right to negotiate per project. As currently provided in the Native Title Act, states and territories would be able to put in place alternative regimes with similar rights to negotiate provisions.
For mining on other 'non-exclusive' tenures such as current or former pastoral leasehold land and national parks, the right to negotiate would continue to apply in a state or territory unless and until that state or territory provided a statutory regime acceptable to the Commonwealth which included procedural rights at least equivalent to other parties with an interest in the land (eg. the holder of the pastoral lease) and compensation which can take account of the nature of co-existing native title rights (where they are proven to exist).
7. Future government and commercial development
On vacant crown land outside towns and cities there would be a higher registration test to access the right to negotiate, but the right to negotiate would be removed in relation to the acquisition of native title rights for third parties for the purpose of government-type infrastructure. As currently provided in the Native Title Act states and territories would be able to put in place alternative regimes with similar right to negotiate provisions.
For compulsory acquisition of native title rights on other 'non-exclusive' tenures such as current or former pastoral leasehold land and national parks, the right to negotiate would continue to apply in a state or territory unless and until that state or territory provided a statutory regime acceptable to the Commonwealth which included procedural rights at least equivalent to other parties with an interest in the land (eg. the holder of the pastoral lease) and compensation which can take account of the nature of co-existing native title rights (where they are proven to exist).
The right to negotiate would be removed in relation to the acquisition of land for third parties in towns and cities, although native titleholders would gain the same procedural and compensation rights as other landholders.
Future actions for the management of any existing national park or forest reserve would be allowed.
A regime to authorise activities such as the taking of timber or gravel on pastoral leases, would be provided.
8. Management of water resources and airspace
The ability of governments to regulate and manage surface and sub-surface water, offshore resources and airspace, and the rights of those with interests under any such regulatory or management regime would be put beyond doubt.
9. Management of claims
In relation to new and existing native title claims, there would be a higher registration test to access the right to negotiate, amendments to speed up handling of claims, and measures to encourage the States to manage claims within their own systems.
A sunset clause within which new claims would have to be made would be introduced.
10. Agreements
Measures would be introduced to facilitate the negotiation of voluntary but binding agreements as an alternative to more formal native title machinery.
1. Validation of Acts/grants between 1/1/94 and 23/12/96
Legislative action will be taken to ensure that the validity of any acts or grants made in relation to non-vacant crown land in the period between passage of the Native Title Act and the Wik decision is put beyond doubt.
2. Confirmation of extinguishment of native title on 'exclusive' tenures
States and Territories would be able to confirm that 'exclusive' tenures such as freehold, residential, commercial and public works in existence on or before 1 January 1994 extinguish native title. Agricultural leases would also be covered to the extent that it can reasonably be said that by reason of the grant or the nature of the permitted use of the land, exclusive possession must have been intended. Any current or former pastoral lease conferring exclusive possession would also be included.
3. Provision of government services
Impediments to the provision of government services in relation to land on which native title may exist would be removed.
4. Native title and pastoral leases
As provided in the Wik decision, native title rights over current or former pastoral leases and any agricultural leases not covered under point 2 (above), would be permanently extinguished to the extent that those rights are inconsistent with those of the pastoralist.
All activities pursuant to, or incidental to, 'primary production'
would be allowed on pastoral leases including farm stay tourism, even if native title exists, provided the dominant purpose of the use of the land is primary production. However, future government action such as the upgrading of title to perpetual or 'exclusive' leases or freehold, would necessitate the acquisition of any native title rights proven to exist and the application of the regime described in point 7 (below) (except where this is unnecessary because the pastoralist has an existing legally enforceable right to upgrade).
5. Statutory access rights
Where registered claimants can demonstrate that they currently have physical access to pastoral lease land, their continued access will be legislatively confirmed until the native title claim is determined. This would not affect existing access rights established by state or territory legislation.
6. Future mining activity
For mining on vacant crown land there would be a higher registration test for claimants seeking the right to negotiate, no negotiations on exploration, and only one right to negotiate per project. As currently provided in the Native Title Act, states and territories would be able to put in place alternative regimes with similar rights to negotiate provisions.
For mining on other 'non-exclusive' tenures such as current or former pastoral leasehold land and national parks, the right to negotiate would continue to apply in a state or territory unless and until that state or territory provided a statutory regime acceptable to the Commonwealth which included procedural rights at least equivalent to other parties with an interest in the land (eg. the holder of the pastoral lease) and compensation which can take account of the nature of co-existing native title rights (where they are proven to exist).
7. Future government and commercial development
On vacant crown land outside towns and cities there would be a higher registration test to access the right to negotiate, but the right to negotiate would be removed in relation to the acquisition of native title rights for third parties for the purpose of government-type infrastructure. As currently provided in the Native Title Act states and territories would be able to put in place alternative regimes with similar right to negotiate provisions.
For compulsory acquisition of native title rights on other 'non-exclusive' tenures such as current or former pastoral leasehold land and national parks, the right to negotiate would continue to apply in a state or territory unless and until that state or territory provided a statutory regime acceptable to the Commonwealth which included procedural rights at least equivalent to other parties with an interest in the land (eg. the holder of the pastoral lease) and compensation which can take account of the nature of co-existing native title rights (where they are proven to exist).
The right to negotiate would be removed in relation to the acquisition of land for third parties in towns and cities, although native titleholders would gain the same procedural and compensation rights as other landholders.
Future actions for the management of any existing national park or forest reserve would be allowed.
A regime to authorise activities such as the taking of timber or gravel on pastoral leases, would be provided.
8. Management of water resources and airspace
The ability of governments to regulate and manage surface and sub-surface water, offshore resources and airspace, and the rights of those with interests under any such regulatory or management regime would be put beyond doubt.
9. Management of claims
In relation to new and existing native title claims, there would be a higher registration test to access the right to negotiate, amendments to speed up handling of claims, and measures to encourage the States to manage claims within their own systems.
A sunset clause within which new claims would have to be made would be introduced.
10. Agreements
Measures would be introduced to facilitate the negotiation of voluntary but binding agreements as an alternative to more formal native title machinery.
Keywords: 10 point plan, backlash, Canberra, extinguishment, Howard, John, Native Title Act (1993), pastoralism, Wik, 1996
Author: Strelein, Lisa